Alfred adler contribution to psychology11/22/2023 ![]() He always centered on an individual and emphasized the uniqueness of experience, inner desires, dreams, and fears which a person has. Although this thinker also tended to standardize and simplify some aspects of causal reasoning in psychology, he performed it mainly by narrowing the set of initial triggers. ![]() Thus, the promotion of optimism and social equality as the scientifically confirmed crucial elements of psychological health partially explains the popularity of his concepts among the representatives of the lay public.įreud’s approach, on the contrary, focuses on complex yet highly illustrative terms and concepts that are applicable mainly to a range of events that can be significant enough to influence personality development. Moreover, this psychotherapist emphasized the prevention of future problems and disorders in children. Adler always sought to simplify the concepts he used in order to make them more task-oriented. These, like most of the other concepts utilized in Adler’s method, are believed to be caused by the influence of the environment (society in particular). Sabates (2020) states that the most important of them is the superiority complex and the inferiority complex. While analyzing his attitude to the crucial role society plays in shaping a personality, it becomes vivid that the method was meant to contribute to the broader picture of an ideal society.Īdler’s holistic approach to character emphasizes several driving forces behind a person’s actions. Moreover, Adler’s method should be perceived as “a tool to encourage the cooperation between an individual and the society by creating the right incentives” (Schultz & Schultz, 2016, p. Adler’s approach, in general, tends to provide an entire scheme of how feelings, thoughts, desires, and experiences can be transformed into real actions. Freud did not approve of Adler’s socialist tendencies and connections with Marxists. Such difference in their perspectives can be attributed to philosophy, as Adler was a dedicated socialist. Moreover, society and the impact it has on the development of a personality is central to the understanding of Adler’s approach, while Freud’s method mostly encourages the analysis of the important occurrences that can shape a personality. According to Dajani (2017), this fundamental aspect of the theory directly contradicts Freud’s approach, which focuses on dividing the human psyche into three major parts: id, ego, and super-ego. Moreover, the thinker pinpointed the influence that a close circle of friends and relatives and society has on an individual. The whole scientific method developed by Adler is centered around the indivisible nature of personality. The name of the new method can cause confusion, as it refers to unity, not to individualism. ![]() Although the cooperation between the thinkers was fruitful, Adler eventually left the school of thought created by Freud.Īdler managed to create an entirely new psychological method called individual psychology while staying within the original paradigm. In 1902, Sigmund Freud invited Alfred Adler to an informal discussion group, which helped prominent Austrian thinkers further develop the ideas based on the abovementioned approach to a vital part of phycology. While observing their patients, they came to a conclusion that unconsciousness is not merely a concept widely utilized by poets and novelists, but a phenomenon that helps explain most life goals and, consequently, behavior patterns. Both Freud and Adler sought to define the concept of personality and explain the seeming imbalance between people’s thoughts and actions. Although both figures are generally believed to be the ones who emphasized psychodynamics and depth psychology as reliable scientific concepts, their contributions to psychology differ significantly.ģ22 specialists online Similarities and Differences between the Theoriesīoth thinkers’ medical background is instrumental in realizing the methods they used to determine the approaches to personality. Adler and Freud believed that they could explain people’s psychological problems and provide the guidelines for fighting disorders and illnesses by moving the depressed unconscious feelings and desires to consciousness, which allows for proper analysis. Their strive to explain the inner unconscious reasons that underlie numerous illnesses and cause patients’ sufferings led them to develop grand theories. Both of them have a Jewish background, had to overcome multiple issues during their childhood, and studied medicine at the university. Their biographies make it clear that they have a lot in common. The two prominent thinkers and physicians from Austria have contributed to the development of psychology and founded unique schools that emphasized different approaches to the concept of personality. Similarities and Differences between the Theories. ![]()
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